What is Talmud Tweets?

What is Talmud Tweets? A short, personal take on a page of Talmud - every day!

For several years now, I have been following the tradition of "Daf Yomi" - reading a set page of Talmud daily. With the start of a new 7 1/2 year cycle, I thought I would share a taste of what the Talmud offers, with a bit of personal commentary included. The idea is not to give a scholarly explanation. Rather, it is for those new to Talmud to give a little taste - a tweet, as it were - of the richness of this text and dialogue it contains. The Talmud is a window into a style of thinking as well as the world as it changed over the centuries of its compilation.

These are not literal "tweets" - I don't limit myself to 140 characters. Rather, these are intended to be short, quick takes - focusing in on one part of a much richer discussion. Hopefully, I will pique your interest. As Hillel says: "Go and study it!" (Shabbat 31a)

Friday, April 19, 2013

Eruvin 42 - Evil Spirits and the Theory of Relativity

Ok, not exciting enough for you? How about this: Evil Spirits and the Theory of Relativity!

Trust me on this. First the Mishnah from the previous page:

MISHNAH. HE WHOM GENTILES, OR AN EVIL SPIRIT, HAVE TAKEN OUT [BEYOND THE PERMITTED SABBATH LIMIT] HAS NO MORE THAN FOUR CUBITS [IN WHICH TO MOVE].

This is, someone carried against their will – by kidnappers, say, or by temporary insanity (!) – once they are deposited safely have only a limited amount of space (4 cubits square) in which to move until Shabbat ends.

On this notion of "evil spirits" (still on the previous page, but we'll note it here):

Our Rabbis learned: Three things deprive a man of his senses and of a knowledge of his creator, viz., idolaters, an evil spirit and oppressive poverty.

In what respect could this matter? — In respect of invoking heavenly mercy to be delivered from them.

Three kinds of person do not see the face of Gehenna (that is, finds no comfort even in the thought that is suffering may be an atonement for his sins!): [one who suffers from] oppressive poverty, one who is afflicted with bowel diseases, and [one who is in the hands of] the government; and some say: Also he who has a bad wife.

The "evil spirit" is not an outside entity - it is an existential experience!

As to this issue of being “carried”:
               
IT ONCE HAPPENED THAT [SCHOLARS] WERE COMING FROM BRINDISI AND WHILE THEIR SHIP WAS SAILING ON THE SEA, R. GAMALIEL AND R. ELEAZAR. B. AZARIAH WALKED ABOUT THROUGHOUT ITS AREA, BUT R. JOSHUA AND R. AKIBA DID NOT MOVE BEYOND FOUR CUBITS BECAUSE THEY DESIRED TO IMPOSE A RESTRICTION UPON THEMSELVES.

Now, how did Gamaliel and Eleazar justify walking more than 4 cubits?

R. Zera replied: Because the ship continually takes him from the beginning of four cubits and puts him down at the end of the four cubits.

Just like Einstein! From the perspective of the person on the moving ship, they are walking on their own power over many cubits. But from the perspective of an observer on shore, he is being carried (against his will) a greater distance with each step and therefore it is like being “kidnapped” and moved beyond his four cubits and being given a new set of four cubits with each step!

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